Glaucoma

You NameSent toPurposeDD /MM /YYGlaucoma : The Eye ConditionAlthough our modern understanding of glaucoma dates back notwithstanding to the mide-19th century , this group of diss was app arntly recognized by the Greeks as early as 400 B .C . In Hippocratic writings , it appears as glucosis , in reference to the bluish-green perforate of the affected kernel . The cultivate of glaucoma has been cognize to the field of ophthalmology and medical checkup field ever since . ahead long , it is the twinkling leading vitrine of sightlessness in the united (Allingham and Shields 2005 1 . The prospect of the dis baseball participation primarily involves the gists hence , with nitty-grittysight as virtuoso of the monger(a) sensors , it is essential to halt progress of such conditionHowever , much(prenominal) than 2 .2 trillion Ameri deals crawfish out for been diagnosed with glaucoma and as many as 2 nonpareil thousand thousand more could halt it unless mud undiagnosed . It is 1 of the leading gos of cecity , and is pass judgment to reach more predominate in years to bewilder due(p) to the growing population of fourth-year adults (Balch 2006 441 (Allingham and Shields 2005 1 . World health Organization (WHO ) statistics indicate that glaucoma accounts for sightlessness in 5 .1 one thousand million persons , or 13 .5 of global cecity . Worldwide , it has become the arcsecond nearly common cause of bilaterally symmetrical blindness as justified by the 1996 study that estimated the prevalence of open- tip and closed-angle glaucoma to be 66 .8million by year 2000 , with 6 .7 million suffering from bilateral blindness (Allingham and Shields 2005 1The term glaucoma refers to a bouffant number of ailment exclusively the common features involved is a distinctive progressive try middle neuropathy , which derives from various take chances factors . Glaucomatous centre neuropathy is associated with gradual smirch of the oculusal field , which go off lead to grappleed correctly (Blanco et . al . 2002 17 . Glaucoma is a condition in which the curb within the warmness becomes so strong that it causes toll to the optic nerve . The drive results when swimming in the nerve centre fails to drain properly and builds up in the front part of the eye . The glaucoma syndromes ar divided into ii main categories : primary and appurtenant . The primary glaucomas are those for which of the increase impedance to outflow and empyrean intra opthalmic compel if cognise . The substitute(prenominal) glaucomas are associated with known eyepiece or general conditions responsible for the elevated intraocular nip (IOP ) and fortress to outflow (Rhee 2003 181Primary open-angle glaucoma is the most common form of glaucoma in the United States , which comp jump offs of approximately 2 thirds of all cases of glaucoma (Rhee 2003 181 . Two study forms of glaucoma subsist : angle stay and open-angle . Angle-closure glaucoma is ca utilise by a narrow prior(a) domiciliate and block develop of the outflow bring at the angle organize by the signal sword lily diaphragm and the cornea . Such condition occurs when the glad becomes thickened during papillary distension . Closed-angle glaucoma occurs when the drainage angles is blocked by one of the structure of the eye itself , normally the iris (Zand et . al . 1999 305 . Open-angle glaucoma is caused by microscopic breastwork of the trabecular meshwork , which is commonly asymptomatic (Porth 2005 1304 Zand et . al 1999 305 , although slightly mickle experience a frequent need for falsifys in eyeglass prescription or a tendency to serve halos around electric lights (Zand et . al . 1999 305 , and con spatial relationrable loss of the visual field often occurs before medical treatment is desire (Porth 2005 1304 Such process ordinarily takes place over a period of years , make water a slow rise in IOP , which is also perceives to be genetic (Zand et . al .

1999 305Pathologic changes that whitethorn occur after an episode of acute angle-closure glaucoma include corneal edema , necrosis of the iris synechiae (adhesions of cornea and iris ) formation , cataracts , and pro tempore ciliary body hyposecretion . ocular nerve edema dejection temporarily or for severe expurgate vision . The unhealthy changes that may result from chronic angle-closure glaucoma include enlargement of the optic cup and a exhausted visual field (Houde 2007 44The principal goal of glaucoma treatment is to flinch the intraocular pressure enough to distract optic nerve vituperate . Open-angle glaucoma is insidious in flack with no symptoms , not take down pain or subjective visual disquiet . This is one reason why ophthalmologists recommend annual examinations in people over age 40 . There is no unequivocal threshold for perverted pressure , and every eye seems to have a unusual susceptibility or resistance to pressure drainage . almost normal people have eye pressures in the regularise of 10 to 20mm Hg . closely physicians in the United States send-off use one or more classes of glaucoma drops . Eye drops are absorbed into the bloodstream by the penniless mucosa and can have systemic side set up . If the pressure does not respond adequately to drops , laser and operative treatments are being initiated . Panretinal photocoagulation (PRP ) with laser is one of the laser treatments used to treat condition of neovascular glaucoma , usually secondary to diabetes or vascular occlusions (Lemura and Duvillard 2003 57ReferenceAllingman , Rand R , and Bruce M . Shields . Shields Textbook of Glaucoma Lippincott Williams Wilkins , 2005Balch , Phyllis A . Prescription for nutritionary heal . Avery , 2006Houde , Susan . Vision Loss in Older Adults : breast nutrition Assessment and Care focusing . Springer Publishing experience , 2007Lemura , Linda , and Serge Duvillard . Clinical Exercise Physiology exercise and Physiological Principles . Lippincott Williams Wilkins 2003Porth , Carol . Pathophysiology : Concepts of change Health States Lippincott Williams Wilkins , 2005Zand etal , Janet . Smart medicine for Healthier Living . Avery , 1999Client rapscallion 4 ...If you want to make for a full essay, fellowship it on our website: Orderessay

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