Spain

In Spain, the most varied of all the countries of Europe, the process of ontogeny of national-state was rather slow and it had to encounter number of obstacles. There were one-third Christian king­doms in the Peninsula-Aragon, Castile and Portugal.

While Portugal declared itself as strong-minded in 1140 and its ruler assumed the title of King, the new(prenominal) two kingdoms (Castile and Aragon) were constantly at war with each other as well as with the Moors of Granada. However, after the marriage of Isabella of Castile and Ferdinand of Aragon in 1478, a new monarchy emerged. Soon they set out to reach an effective royal despotism in Spain. They took over the saintly Brotherhood, a league of cities which was formed for mutual protection against frisky nobles and began to use its militia as a standing regular army and police force. They also brought under royal control the independent military orders of knights.

Isabella and Ferdinand also indispensablenessed to make the church ally to the royal government.



Through tactful negotiations they succeeded in inducing the pontiff to give them the right to make church appointments in Spain and to ratify a Spanish Court of Inquisition free of apostolical control. The Inquisition confiscated the property of the Jews and Muslims and even terrified the Christian clergy and laymen to pick out royal absolutism.

In 1492 Isabella and Ferdinand conquered Granada. The same year Columbus claimed novel World for Spain. Ferdinand also seized a part of Navarree in the sulphur of Pyrenees Mountains and thus completed the task of national unification of Spain. inwardly few decades Spain emerged as one of the most powerful countries of Europe.If you want to get a full essay, order it on our website: Orderessay



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