Chem Transition Elements and Main Group Elements

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Delocalized electron
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Benzene, with the delocalization of the electrons indicated by the circle.
In chemistry, delocalized electrons  ar electrons in a molecule, ion or solid metal that be not associated with a single atom or  iodin covalent bond. [1] Delocalized electrons are contained within an orbital that extends over several adjacent atoms. Classically, delocalized electrons merchantman be found in conjugated systems and mesoioniccompounds. It is increasingly comprehended that electrons in sigma stick levels are excessively delocalized. For example, in methane, the hold fast electrons are shared by all five atoms equally. pervasive existence of delocalization is implicit in molecular orbital theory.
content  [hide]  * 1 Examples * 2 Delocalization in reactions * 3 See also * 4 References|
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[edit]Examples
In the simple aromatic ring of  benzol the delocalization of six ? electrons over the C6 ring is often graphically indicated by a circle. The fact that the six C-C bonds are equidistant is one indication of this delocalization. In valence bond theory, delocalization in benzene is represented by resonance structures.




Delocalized electrons also exist in the structure of solid metals, where the d-subshell interferes with the above s-subshell. Metallic structure consists of aline positive ions (cations) in a sea of delocalized electrons. This means that the electrons are free to move throughout the structure, and gives rise to properties such as conductivity.
In diamond all four outer electrons of from each one carbon atom are localized between the atoms in covalent bonding. The movement of electrons is restricted and diamond does not conduct an electric car current. In graphite, each carbon atom uses only 3 of its 4 outer energy level electrons in covalently bonding to three other carbon atoms in a plane. distributively carbon atom...If you want to get a full essay, companionship it on our website: Orderessay



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