RESEARCH PROPOSALThe work at of Acculturation among International Students in AustraliaIntroductionCultural multifariousness has never been more than relevant to societies around the world until the lick of change magnitude migration and eventual(prenominal) assimilation took place rampantly afterwards World state of war II . Towards the curiosity of the 20th century , societies have been introduced to divergent refinements originating from both the s issuehern and the northern , the watt and the east of the worldIn the 1980s , in-migration has reached its peak in the f all in all in States making the country a melting pot of glossinesss . At around the same menstruation , Australia had been encountering a similar alteration whole , this change was specifically happening to its cultivational form . From the 1980s to 1990s , Australia devour a sudden inflow of global students , a flowing which was termed as a shake up from educational aid to educational treat This shift began to modify Australia to being an educational professional personfit provider , especially among students from Asiatic countries . As one of the pioneers of the educational trade Australian educational dust began centering its centering towards providing quality of education , and to the toweringest degree weightyly , fair-mindedness of get at to students who have had a unlike educational and heathenish experience (Atweh , 2000 :84Achieving quality of education and fairness of access go out non be resolved by educational policies and standards alone . In understanding the effect of the change magnitude number of educational students in the country , there must(prenominal) excessively be a corresponding understanding on the characteristics and dynamics voluminous in the daily interaction of supranational students in the Australian culture and societyWith this in mind , this interrogation proposal bequeath look into the litigate of complaisantisation as a possible index finger that leave alone help furbish up the quality of education and the right level of accessibility that should be given to multinationalisticist students . This qualitative require on the serve of acculturation of world-wide students in Australia im authority specifically withdraw the constitution of this socio- heathenish phenomenon that has changed , and continuously changing , Australia s educational systemRationale of the StudyThis qualitative take lead provide guidance in thoroughly describing the factors that total into play in understanding the `model of educational trade in Australia . More specifically , this study , by identifying the characteristics of transnational students , and aspect into the dynamics involved in studying as an transnational student in Australia , depart provide the mental hospital for exploring the kind of educational service that will be provided to outside(a) students More than anything else , this study will in any slickness explore opposite insights that may possibly spring from the analyses and interpretations of the conversations / querys conducted on international students in AustraliaResearch Question and ObjectivesResearch QuestionWhat argon the swear outes and factors involved in the acculturation of international students to Australian society and culture habitual ObjectiveTo identify and explore processes and factors involved in the acculturation of international students to Australian society and cultureSpecific ObjectivesTo identify the processes involved in the acculturation development of international students in AustraliaTo restore the factors that influences the acculturation development of international students in AustraliaTo identify the nature of adaptation use by international students in the Australian culture and societyTo rule the dynamics of relational development of international students , both at the schoolman and genial levelsTo compargon differences in the processes and factors influential to each international student as his /her process of acculturationMETHODOLOGYResearch Design and MethodsThe question is both descriptive and exploratory in data gathering analysis and interpretation using query methods for a of acculturation among international students in AustraliaThe qualitative enquiry paradigm will be employ for this research thusly , the research methods used are face-to-face discourses Informal , conversation-like interviews will be used because this method will enable the police detective to draw out avowation that would non have been mentioned or openly disclosed had the structured and formal in-depth interviews been chosen as a research method . This type of cozy interview , through detailed smell-taking , will as intumescespring provide the placement of the interview as quickly as the interview has cease Moreover , this method will have the advant eon of change the researcher to let go ofly ask probe questions and see whether the attestator is being truthful to his /her answersConcepts and IndicatorsThe proposed apparel of concepts and indicators that will be utilized and probed into includes the chaseTable 1 . Summary of concepts and indicators of the studyConcepts IndicatorsCoping mechanisms Socially-driven donnishally-drivenSupport mechanisms Social corroborate (relationshipsAcademic agree (roles and tasksInter heathen communicating ability Language learningNon-verbal communication understanding acquaintance of Australian culture Knowledge of Australian English languageKnowledge of Australian cultural dynamics , mores , set beliefsSelf-image ValuesBelief systemSelf-reported self-imageImage of self based on just about other people Australian valuesAustralian belief systemSelf-reported image of self based on othersEducational applys Academic achievementAchievement of educational standards for international studentsTask accomplishment rehearsesLevel of integration between item-by-item s native culture and Australian cultureHelp-seeking behavior Ne deucerk of kindly relationsNetwork of faculty member relationsAccess to the educational systemAccess to governmental agencies / departmentsAccess to financial sustentation /resources This dodge of concepts and indicators looks into the different dimensions that will be covered in analyzing the acculturation process and development of international students in the Australian cultural context . Each concept has a corresponding indicator , which will be drawn out of the conversations from the interviewees of this studyInstrumentationThe research legal document that will be utilized in this research will be a semi-structured interview schedule . so far , since the interviews that will be conducted are actual conversations from personal friends of the researcher , the semi-structured chair will be a list of the concepts that the researcher should memorise out for during the conversations , and probe deeper into these concepts once they are drawn out or discussed by the intervieweesThe conversations will non be tape file to maintain the informal environment of the conversations . However , in to record the crucial sharpens discussed in the conversations , the researcher will take note of all the relevant and meaningful s and issues discussed in the conversations . These notes will serve as one of the units of analysis that the researcher will use for analysis and interpretationUnits of analysisUnits of analyses for the study will be the international students themselves and the notes that will be generated from the conversations with the students Sampling schemeThe sample distri thation technique used for this study is purposive sampling , since the individuals chosen to be interviewed in the study will be friends of the researcher . therefrom , since these individuals will be purposively accessed by the researcher for these interviews , this research utilized the non-probabilistic sampling through the purposive sampling techniqueData gathering procedureThe researcher will schedule informal clashings with the six (6 interviewees , specifically face-to-face meetings , at coffee shops nearby the interviewee s dormitory or residence . During these informal meetings , the researcher will set the pace of the discussion by asking general questions about the individual s present attitude as an international student in Australia , going unless into the specifics of his /her experience as the conversation progressesThe researcher will inform the individual of the first reason why the informal meeting took place , emphasizing on the estimate that this informal interview / conversation will be noted for some insights that the interviewer aptitude give the researcher on the focus of the research However , the researcher , as courtesy to the individual interviewed , will crack the individual that confidentiality of his /her personal identity and opinions will be ensured throughout the research reportData analysis procedureData gained from the conversations will be put in tables and construe by the researcher . These resolutions from the informants were grouped according to the concepts /categories formed for the studyOpen label was then used to analyze all the data gatheredTypologies will used to appoint the international students . Emic typological strategy will too be employed since the categories will be formed still after all the data is gathered . The researchers will not have preconceived categories at first . In attachment , the thematic text-organizing strategy was used to analyze the concepts enumerated in this chapter . The set of s and themes will be presented after the data analysisRESEARCH REPORTThe Process of Acculturation among International Students in AustraliaINTRODUCTIONCultural diversity has never been more relevant to societies around the world until the process of increased migration and eventual acculturation took place rampantly after World War II . Towards the end of the 20th century , societies have been introduced to different cultures originating from the southern and the northern , the west and the east of the worldIn the 1980s , immigration has reached its peak in the United States making the country a melting pot of cultures . At around the same period , Australia had been encountering a similar change scarcely , this change was specifically happening to its educational system . From the 1980s to 1990s , Australia see a sudden influx of international students , a period which was termed as a shift from educational aid to educational trade This shift began to transform Australia to being an educational service provider , especially among students from Asiatic countries . As one of the pioneers of the educational trade Australian educational system began centering its focus towards providing quality of education , and most importantly , fairness of access to students who have had a different educational and cultural experience (Atweh , 2000 :84Achieving quality of education and fairness of access will not be resolved by educational policies and standards alone . In understanding the effect of the increasing number of educational students in the country , there must also be a corresponding understanding on the characteristics and dynamics involved in the daily interaction of international students in the Australian culture and societyWith this in mind , this research looks into the process of acculturation as a possible indicator that will help determine the quality of education and the right level of accessibility that should be given to international students . This qualitative study on the process of acculturation of international students in Australia will specifically describe the nature of this socio-cultural phenomenon that has changed and continuously changing , Australia s educational systemREVIEW OF RELATED LITERATUREBy looking into the nature and dynamics of acculturation among international students , the most important concept that will influence all other concepts and factors of this study is the level of integration that the international students will have on the foreign culture - Australian culture and society . Thus , in this review of link up literature , using the Australian culture context , the different concepts of the study will be solidly defined and operationalized using existing relevant and significant literature on the of this researchIn the first chapter of this research , it was mentioned that Australia developed its education trade , primarily because of the increase in number of international student enrollees coming into the country . This phenomenon of `education trade was part of Australia s thrust , wherein tourism is considered its primary service export Indicators that make tourism boom in the country was caused by its high environmental amenity .low rents for housing and commercial .space (Lo , 2001 :405 Because of these economic indicators , Australia became not only a venue for tourism , but also in educational tourism - specifically education tradeThis increased number of international student enrollees in Australia also changed the way the educational system in the country was conceptualized , especially in creating curricula for college /university masteral , and doctoral studies . Increasingly , the educational system became globalized in start , even going further to the extent that both tourism and education was integrated , creating the concept and phenomenon of educational tourism (Ritchie , 2003 Crossley , 2003 :62 The development of the concepts `education trade and `educational tourism took the educational system further than precisely economically adjusting these increases in muniment of international students . More than anything , the Australian education trade promoted the call for for quality education and easy access of educational goRe-assessing the hire to provide quality and easy access to educational services entails looking into the status of Australian culture and society at the present time . Just like the United States , and other societies where immigration and migration is increasingly seemly rampant , Australia is now a melting pot of Asian cultures , its educational system becoming increasingly engaged in a challenge for its curricula to be more culturally correct and competentIntercultural communication competency is a particularly important field to focus on in developing an improved educational system . Cultural competency is a primary gauge of the international student s ` excerption capacity in an altogether different kind of culture and societal environment . Within the concept of cultural competence involves numerous other concepts as well , which includes , among others , hearty indorse , faculty member animation , make out mechanisms and strategies , educational put ons , help-seeking behavior , and pro (demographic characteristics ) of international students . Indeed , as Olivas and Li (2005 ) have enumerated , cultural competency involves psychological emotional , and pedantic concerns factors that would make coping and survival among international students possible (219It is also through these factors that the process of acculturation is further developed . There are two responses involved in acculturation development : the first response would be the integration of the individual to the foreign culture , tour the second response would result to the disintegration , or closing off , of the individual from the foreign cultureSeeking identity through delay systems genial and available to the individual is one of the concepts inherent in the idea of cultural competence . Chapman (2006 ) identified identity-seeking and identity formation as natural processes that occur during acculturation development , and in identity formation , the perceptions about the individual s image , as perceive by the individual himself /herself and others , and access to both accessible and faculty member environments , come into play (236 . Identity formation covers the psychological scene of acculturation development , while the support systems are related to the mixer environment that the individual engages in everyday . Hawthorne (2004 ) argued that appellative of both these psychological and social facets is not enough it is also vital that monitoring of these factors be systematically done from point of entry .for proactive diagnostic and remediation purposes (157This recommendation by Hawthorne is a reflection of the agent by which the Australian educational system seeks to improve its quality of education among international students . observe of student performance upon point of entry is not just required , but also a monitoring of the support systems that the student has access to before and during his /her stay in the academic institution . Among the cited social support systems for international students include the supply of anxiety and uncertainty management which should be specifically provided by academic institutions (Lin , 2006 :120 . Lin s study is just one manifestation of the support systems that could be developed and provided to international students when they enter Australia s academic institutionsIn the texts that follow , a discussion of these concepts will be enumerated , as explicated by the informal interviews of international students studying in AustraliaRESULTS DISCUSSIONThe following informants , informally interviewed , belong to the age group of 19-29 years of age with almost all informants having a single status and all are students . The following table illustrates the distribution of respondents who were interviewedTable 1 . General Pro of InformantsName of Informant Age SexLyn Park 23 FemaleAnna Bautista 19 FemaleAngela Tan 29 FemaleAndrew Vonatis 21 MaleC . Y .20 MaleGeorge Wilson 20 Male In this section , the recurrent themes and the findings from the interviews of the study are stated and synthesized . The themes here discussed were extracted from the interviews of informants , encompassing all concepts enumerated .
In the interviews , it became straightforward that concepts that are most relevant and significant to the international students are : social support , academic support , cultural competence (specifically language acquisition , educational practices , and help-seeking behavior as a studentSupport systemsThe informants believed that among the support that they receive as international students , it is the social support system that enables them to survive life in Australia . Inevitably , social support systems are also the informants academic support system , since their social links also came from their academic links (Moore , 2005 :342 Those individuals or groups they consider as exclusively included in their social support system are their families and community groups whom they associate with , primaeval on as they engage in their saucy social environmentLyn , an Economics graduate in the Philippines , migrated to Australia after she graduated from the university . She considered her Christian group as one of the first relations she had , as she was just establishing herself as a Photography student in her new university The shift from economics to photography was already a big adjustment for Lyn , and what make it more difficult for her was the identification that her fellow students have a different psyche than the educational crowd she became familiar and involved with . Thus , her revolution was not just spiritedness from one country to another , but engaging herself in a field of study The social support of she received from her Christian community , then better the level of apprehension she felt during the first 6 months of living as a student in Australia . Eventually , academic support systems also became her social support system , as she began slowly integrating with the course she decided to take in her new universityCultural competencyCultural competency creates a significant difference in the effectiveness of an international student s coping mechanisms in Australia . 2 informants demonstrated extreme typesetters cases of cultural competency , which , in this case , involved the student s fast learning and acquisition of the Australian English language (Zhao , 2005 :224George was a British student who antecedently lived in Singapore , and eventually moved out with his family to Australia two years ago . His integration with Australian culture , specifically the academic culture of his college , was not that difficult since he is palmy with the English language . He believed that his ability to converse well in the English language became an advantage for him , as he began immersing himself with Australian culture . Indeed , at present , he enjoys the company of both his friends and fellow students in college , engaging in sports activities and academically enjoying his role as a research partner to the college departmentAndrew , a Thai student studying in Australia for ternary years already had experienced difficulties integrating himself in the new culture saying that the language barrier changed him from being an `extravert to an `introvert individual . sequence in Thailand , he excelled in all aspects of his studies and was socially popular in his local college , in Australia , his popular personality changed for the worse as he experienced insecurity in his inability to converse very well in English . Challenging himself to become well-versed with the language was not a problem , he said , but the insults he felt when people cannot understand what he was saying made his integration more difficult than he had expected . Although his transition from being an insecure international student to becoming an exceptionally high-performing student was a gradually slow process , he is now enjoying the success of the challenge he took upon himself almost three years ago . It also helped that the academic institution he was in has a special program that provides support to international students to develop their English communication competence , both in written and verbal formsEducational practices : Manifestation of help-seeking behavior among international studentsAnna was also a fresh graduate from college when she migrated to Australia . From her experience , educational practice became her primary adjustment strategy to survive not only in college , but also in the new social environment she found herself in . She did not consciously prevail her social network , due to financial constraints , able only to attend school in Australia because of a copious intelligence . Thus , in to maintain her scholarship , she lived within her means , which meant she spent only for items and expenditures that were specifically indicated in her compute . The end result , then , was that she did not have enough budget to socialize with her friends and fellow students most of the time , she spent her free time studying alone instead of engaging in group studies with her schoolmates in cafys , or anyplace that required surplus expense on her partThus , in Anna s experience , educational practice was her coping mechanism while studying in Australia . While her social support and network suffered , her educational support modify , and she eventually re-channeled this academic support as her social support and networkSynthesisIntegrating these emergent themes from conversations with international students , it is evident that social and academic supports are inherently imbrication in the experiences of the students . Moreover , help-seeking behavior is also based on these dichotomies , and behaviors can also have overlapping effects on the student s assessment of his /her acculturation developmentCultural competency , meanwhile , is best demonstrated through language acquisition wherein a student s capacity to survive not only in school but also in the Australian culture is dependent on his /her ability to quickly acquire the English language . As in the experience of some informants , language acquisition is a very powerful joyride that international students utilized in to integrate fully into the Australian academic cultureFrom the interviews , the general finding is that both support systems and cultural competency work together to determine the nature and dynamics of acculturation development of international students in AustraliaABSTRACTSix (6 ) informal interviews with international students in Australia identified important concepts relevant and significant to their acculturation development . These important concepts include the provision of social and academic support systems and achievement of cultural competency as primary factors that influence the level of acculturation among international studentsEmergent themes from the interviews showed that social support systems has an overlapping relationship with academic support systems , as these two systems work together to create a holistic social environment for the international student . In addition to these support systems cultural competence also comes into play , another influential concept that enabled international students to go a level up or down the acculturation development ladderBIBLIOGRAPHYAtweh , B (2000 . sociocultural research on mathematics education : an international aspect . NJ : L . Erlbaum Associates , IncChapman , A (April 2006 . Quality , identity , and practice in offshore university programmes : issues in the internationalization of Australian higher(prenominal) education Teaching in Higher Education , Vol . 11 No . 2Crossley , M (2003 . Comparative and International Research in Education : Globalisation , Context and Difference . London : Taylor FrancisEisenchlas , S (2003 . Teaching intercultural communication in the university setting : an Australian billet Intercultural Education , Vol . 14 , No . 4Hawthorne , L (2004 . A case study in the globalization of medical education : assisting overseas-born students at the University of Melbourne Medical Teacher , Vol . 26 , No . 2Lin , C (July 2006 . conclusion shock and social support : an investigation of a Chinese student organization on a US campus diary of Intercultural Communication Research , Vol . 35 , No . 2Lo , F (2001 . globalization and the Sustainability of Cities in the Asia Pacific region . NY : UN UniversityMoore , J (2005 . Development and sign validation of the collectivistic coping styles measure with African , Asian , and Latin American international students Journal of Mental health Counseling Vol . 27 , No . 4Olivas , M . and C . Li (2005 . Understanding stressors of international students in higher education : what college counselors and force play need to know Journal of Instructional Psychology , Vol . 33 No .3Poyrazli , S (2004 . Social support and demographic correlates of acculturational stress in international students Journal of College Counseling , Vol . 7Ritchie , B (2003 . Managing educational tourism . NY : Multilingual MattersZhao , C (2005 . A compare of international student and American student engagement in effective educational practices The Journal of Higher Education , Vol . 76 , No . 2 ...If you want to get a full essay, order it on our website:
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